espiratory illness: Confirm diagnosis:

Confirmation of diagnosis of COPD:

Symptoms + exposure + spirometry (post bronchodilator)

FEV1/FVC < 0.7

FEV1 < 80%  

Spirometry Interpretation:

Moderate airflow limitation without a positive bronchodilator response

xtra illnesses: Consider other causes of breathlessness

  • •Heart Failure

    •? Echocardiogram/(*NT-ProBNP or BNP)

    •IHD

    •No recent chest pain

    •Cardiology review 12 months ago ( EST negative) 

    •? Exercise Stress Test  ?  Stress Echo

    •AF/other cardiac arrhythmias

    •ECG

    •? Holter

  • Other respiratory (e.g. ILD, Lung CA, Bronchiectasis)

    CXR , ? CT

    Pulmonary vascular disease (e.g. Pulmonary HT,   Chronic thromboembolic disease)

  • Anaemia 

    FBE

    Thyroid disorders 

    TSH 

    Other metabolic 

    BGL, biochemistry (renal  function, liver function)

    Long COVID

  • Anxiety/Depression

    DASS, K10